What distinguishes a common space from a private space?

A common space is characterized by the absence of a reasonable expectation of privacy. This means that individuals in a common space should not anticipate the same level of privacy one would expect in a private space, which is typically restricted to the individual or a select group.

In a common space, such as a hallway, lobby, or public area on a vessel, more people have access and can move around freely, making it less shielded from observation. This aspect is critical in legal contexts, such as searches conducted by the Coast Guard, where the expectations of privacy play a significant role in determining the reasonableness of any search or boarding action.

In contrast, private spaces—like personal cabins or rooms—are typically designated for individual use, where one can expect privacy and control over who enters and what activities occur. This distinction is crucial for understanding not just common versus private spaces but also the implications for regulations, inspections, and individual rights in various environments, including maritime settings.