Which regulations govern the transportation of hazardous materials by vessels?

The transportation of hazardous materials by vessels is primarily governed by the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA). This act establishes the framework for the safe and effective transportation of hazardous materials, ensuring that the risks associated with such materials are managed properly during transit. It sets forth regulations concerning packaging, labeling, and documentation required for the transport of hazardous substances, which is crucial for protecting both the environment and public safety.

While the other acts mentioned play significant roles in maritime regulation, they do not specifically focus on the transportation of hazardous materials by vessels. For example, the Clean Water Act (CWA) primarily addresses the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters, while the Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) focuses on enhancing security in the maritime transportation system. The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) deals with the disposal of material into the ocean, but it does not regulate the general transportation of hazardous materials.

In summary, the HMTA is specifically designed to manage the complexities and risks associated with hazardous materials transport, making it the correct choice for this question.