Which term describes a formal inspection by the Coast Guard to check vessel compliance?

The term that accurately describes a formal inspection by the Coast Guard to check vessel compliance is "Vessel boarding." This process involves Coast Guard personnel boarding a vessel to conduct an examination and ensure that the vessel meets all applicable safety, security, and environmental regulations. During a vessel boarding, officers may check documentation, safety equipment, and other compliance factors, which are crucial for maintaining maritime safety and security.

The term "Vessel assessment" generally refers to a broader evaluation process, which may involve various considerations beyond just compliance, such as operational efficiency or condition of the vessel, and is not specifically a formal inspection by Coast Guard personnel.

"Ship verification" is not a standard term used in the context of Coast Guard operations and does not specifically denote a compliance inspection of vessels.

The concept of a "Fleet audit" typically refers to a systematic review of multiple vessels within a fleet rather than focusing on the inspection of a single vessel's compliance status. This could be an internal or external evaluation but does not align with the specific procedure of boarding and inspecting a vessel.

By understanding these nuances, one can see why "Vessel boarding" is the correct term for a formal inspection aimed at ensuring compliance with regulations.